Objectives: To establish the determinants of death in hospital for patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) in Australia. Design, setting, participants: Retrospective analysis of Australia New Zealand Trauma Registry (ANZTR) data. Cases were included if they presented to a participating hospital between 1 July 2015 and 30 June 2020 and had an Abbreviated Injury Severity (AIS) score – head greater than 2. Main outcome measures: Death in hospital. Results: There were 16 350 patients. Their mean age was 51 years and 71% were male. After adjusting for measures of injury severity, there was an increased odds of in-hospital death for patients whose injury occurred outside daylight hours or first mode of transport was road ambulance, who were not transferred from another hospital, had an endotracheal tube placed prior to definitive hospital arrival or received
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